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Active Thermoregulation Improves Outcome of Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass

Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery
¹ Division of Cardiovascular Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA

For reprint information contact: Y Joseph Woo, MD Tel: 1 215 662 2956 Fax: 1 215 349 5798 Email: wooy{at}uphs.upenn.edu, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Silverstein 4, 3400 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

During off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting, hypothermia increases vasoconstriction, myocardial afterload, coagulopathy and postoperative bleeding. Traditional thermoregulatory techniques do not maintain core body temperature intraoperatively. The efficacy of a commercially available, computer-controlled, water-circulating, dorsal surface, active warming system for thermoregulatory control was evaluated. All patients who underwent non-emergency off-pump coronary bypass grafting by a single surgeon in a 1-year period were studied: the thermoregulation device was used in 50 cases and unavailable for use in 19. The patients who underwent active thermoregulation demonstrated significantly improved core body temperatures compared to the controls: lowest intraoperative, 35.8°C ± 0.1°C vs. 35.0°C ± 0.2°C; immediately postoperative, 36.5°C ± 0.1°C vs. 35.6°C ± 0.2°C; and 1-hour postoperative, 36.6°C ± 0.1°C vs. 35.9°C ± 0.2°C. Thermoregulated patients had significantly reduced 24-hour chest tube drainage (764 ± 38 vs. 1227 ± 183 mL), packed red blood cell transfusions (1.4 ± 0.2 vs. 3.3 ± 0.7 units), time to extubation (6.8 ± 0.5 vs. 11.4 ± 2.3 hours), intensive care unit stay (1.3 ± 0.1 vs. 2.0 ± 0.3 days), and hospital stay (4.3 ± 0.1 vs. 5.1 ± 0.3 days).